🙂 User 추가하기
✔ polls/models.py
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='질문')
pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='생성일')
owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='questions', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
@admin.display(boolean=True, description='최근생성(하루기준)')
def was_published_recently(self):
return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
def __str__(self):
return f'제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}'
...
✔ Django Shell
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User
<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>
>>> User._meta.get_fields()
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<User: admin>]>
>>> from polls.models import *
>>> user = User.objects.first()
>>> user.questions.all()
>>> print(user.questions.all().query)
SELECT "polls_question"."id", "polls_question"."question_text", "polls_question"."pub_date", "polls_question"."owner_id" FROM "polls_question" WHERE "polls_question"."owner_id" = 1
🙂 User 관리하기
✔ polls_api/serializers.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
questions = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, queryset=Question.objects.all())
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ['id', 'username', 'questions']
✔ polls_api/views.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from polls_api.serializers import UserSerializer
class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
✔ polls_api/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import *
urlpatterns = [
path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),
]
🙂 Form을 사용하여 User 생성하기
✔ polls/views.py
from django.views import generic
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
class SignupView(generic.CreateView):
form_class = UserCreationForm
success_url = reverse_lazy('user-list')
template_name = 'registration/signup.html'
✔ polls/templates/registration/signup.html
<h2>회원가입</h2>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button type="submit">가입하기</button>
</form>
✔ polls/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
from .views import *
app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
path('',views.index, name='index'),
path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
path('<int:question_id>/result/', views.result, name='result'),
path('signup/', SignupView.as_view(), )
]
✔ Django Shell
>>> from django.urls import reverse_lazy
>>> reverse_lazy('user-list')
'/rest/users/'
🙂 Form을 사용하여 User 생성하기
✔ polls_api/serializers.py
class RegisterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
password = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, required=True, validators=[validate_password])
password2 = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, required=True)
def validate(self, attrs):
if attrs['password'] != attrs['password2']:
raise serializers.ValidationError({"password": "두 패스워드가 일치하지 않습니다."})
return attrs
def create(self, validated_data):
user = User.objects.create(username=validated_data['username'])
user.set_password(validated_data['password'])
user.save()
return user
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ['username', 'password','password2']
✔ polls_api/views.py
from polls_api.serializers import RegisterSerializer
class RegisterUser(generics.CreateAPIView):
serializer_class = RegisterSerializer
✔ polls_api/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import *
urlpatterns = [
path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),
path('register/', RegisterUser.as_view()),
]
🙂 User 권한 관리
✔ polls_api/urls.py
from django.urls import path,include
from .views import *
urlpatterns = [
path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),
path('register/', RegisterUser.as_view()),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls'))
]
✔ mysite/settings.py
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = reverse_lazy('question-list')
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = reverse_lazy('question-list')
✔ polls_api/serializers.py
class QuestionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
owner = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='owner.username')
class Meta:
model = Question
fields = ['id', 'question_text', 'pub_date', 'owner']
✔ polls_api/permissions.py
from rest_framework import permissions
class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission):
def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS:
return True
return obj.owner == request.user
✔ polls_api/views.py
from rest_framework import generics,permissions
from .permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly
class QuestionList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = Question.objects.all()
serializer_class = QuestionSerializer
permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly]
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)
class QuestionDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Question.objects.all()
serializer_class = QuestionSerializer
permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly, IsOwnerOrReadOnly]
🙂 perform_create()
✔ Django Shell
>>> from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
>>> question_serializer = QuestionSerializer(data={"question_text": "some text","owner" :"someone"})
>>> question_serializer.is_valid()
True
>>> question_serializer.validated_data
OrderedDict([('question_text', 'some text')])
>>> question = question_serializer.save(id=10000)
>>> question.id
10000
>>> question.question_text
'some text'